Physical characterization: Pore size distribution (BET-BJH isotherms, Temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Capillary flow poremetry, Contact angle measurement (Goniometry), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Particle size analyser (PSA)
Chemical characterization: Gas chromatography (GC), UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS)
Morphological characterization: Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Optical microscope
Stability Test: Thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetery (TGA/DSC), Mechanical stability test (Instron tensile testor), Oxidative stability test